Religion Is Very Much Intertwined With The Construction Of...

It should be undisputed that religion is very much intertwined with the construction of our world. Both Peter Berger and Emile Durkheim consider similar ideas about the role of religion in the construction in our world. However, both approach the sociological study of religion from two different viewpoints: functionalist and substantive. Berger adopts the functionalist stance, which much more scientific than the substantive stance, which Durkheim chooses to adopt. The functionalist study of religion focuses more on the â€Å"quantity† of religion, i.e. an individual’s experience of religion, or religion’s impact on that individual. Functionalists also believe that there is a clear demarcation between what is sacred and what is â€Å"profane.† Meanwhile, Durkheim adopted the more sociological substantive stance towards religion, which studies the community and collective effect that religion brings about. According to Berger, religion is the method which hu man use to feel meaningful, and to feel shielded from chaos. Religion provides people with â€Å"nomos,† which is â€Å"man’s ultimate shield against anomy† (â€Å"Sacred Canopy,† 27). Religion gives humans sacred cosmos, which â€Å"makes the nomos appear to be dependent on a nonhuman source† (Clark, 2009). For instance, many people view the Bible as a sacred text, a text that is transcendent of human realities. Many people believe that the Bible is the literal word of God. Treating the Bible in this way allows us to forget that humans wrote andShow MoreRelatedChristian Speculation about the End of Times1807 Words   |  7 PagesReligions do not only relate to the past but also to the future: beliefs about resurrection or further rebirths, hopes of a better future, or even fears of apocalyptic tribulations. In this essay, various religious ‘futures’ will be investigated: the evolution towards spiritual individualism and consumerism, the success of yoga and the Christian speculations about the end of times. It will be easily demonstrated that each of these ‘futures’ is highly controversial – but are they controversial primarilyRead MoreLiterature Review on Dreams: Sigmund Freuds Psychoanalysis1669 Words   |  7 Pagespatients overcome mental problems, using an in depth analyze of a patient’s dream. Freudian psychoanalysis assumes that dreams fulfill a certain function. Freud considers dreams as a mental activity also experienced by our ancestors. The mind begins to disconnect from the external world during sleep but remains in an instinctual state. The mind protects the sleeper from disturbances by manufacturing dreams that satisfy unconscious desires (Freud, 1900:  §V, C, p.234). Therefore unconscious content becomesRead More Religion and Cultural Identity Essays5058 Words   |  21 PagesReligion and Cultural Identity Is it possible to be a Muslim without believing the validity of the prophecies of Mohammed? Is it possible to be a Christian without believing in the resurrection of Jesus? My definition of religion transformed greatly during my studies the past few months. Even as a religion major at St. Olaf College I thought of religion very narrowly, as a construct of metaphysical beliefs. But Ive come to realize that religion runs far deeper than my Lutheran mind previouslyRead MorePolitics and Religion: The Challenge of Religious Diversity Essay2556 Words   |  11 Pagesto separate religion and politics grows. As Americans head into the future there is a huge immersion of the different religions into one common society. It is becoming a challenge in trying to appease and maintain these different religions in the secular social world. For some Americans the solution is to remove all religious affiliation from the state. Upon analysis of Wilfred Cantwell Smith’s discussion of religious diversity, Maritain’s position on the relation between religion and the secularRead MoreCharles Taylor Doesn t Think So And His Almost 900 Page Essay1998 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Why was it virtually impossible not to believe in God in, say, 1500 in our Western society, while in 2000 many of us find this not only easy, but even inescapable?† Was it really an inevitable conclusion of uncompromising reality as Tom Hardy assumes? Charles Taylor doesn’t think so and his almost 900 page answer is an ambitious retelling of the process known as secularization. His narrative-style documentation of the massive cultural shift of the past several centuries demonstrates the inadequacyRead MoreGandhian Politics and Religion in Raja Raos Kanthapura2519 Words   |  11 Pagesconstructed by uniting the masses. A chieving this is not an easy task considering the diversity in religion, caste, creed, etc. of the nation. In order to bring together those diverse sects under a common roof, Gandhi feels the need for secularism and religious tolerance. He professes his secular notion of religion and incites to the mind of the masses, the oneness of men, negating any sectarian religion and caste and class based divisions. As he observes: Man’s ultimate aim is the realization of GodRead More Rome: The Eternal City Essay2264 Words   |  10 PagesThe history of Rome is shrouded in myth and legend.? Tales of glorious victories, conquering heroes, and vanquished foes color our perception of this legendary city.? Myth and reality are so closely intertwined that we would be remiss to examine the one without the other.? From a cluster of humble villages, arose a mighty people who would capture the admiration of the world for centuries thereafter.? To look at the history of Rome is to look at the history of civilization itself, for with Rome, modernRead MoreThe Movie Crash Essay2009 Words   |  9 Pagesthe lives of broader society. Crash, a 2005 film by director Paul Haggis, begins by saying, It s the sense of touch, we miss so much that we crash into each other just so we can feel something. The use of the word touch suggests human connection. Feel conjures a sense of emotion. We want to be moved by one another; to feel our common human existence. Our search for this sort of human connection persists despite many peripheral issues which divide us, but it is the search itself, notRead MoreReligions and War Essay3499 Words   |  14 Pages1. Introduction: Religions and the Holy Texts Those who believe (in the Quran), and those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Christians...and (all) who believe in God and the last day and work righteousness, shall have their reward with their Lord; on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.1 How true is this statement and to what extent do religions not fight each other? Unfortunately, looking back at the holy texts of various religions provides no answers. There are elementsRead MoreEssay on Reflexive Embodied Empathy9936 Words   |  40 Pagescoexisting dimensions of embodied intersubjectivity. The first layer – connecting-of – demonstrates how we can tune into another’s bodily way of being through using our own embodied reactions. The second layer – acting-into – focuses on empathy as imaginative self-transposal and calls our attention to the way existences (beings) are intertwined in a dynamic of doubling and mirroring. The third layer – merging-with – involves a â€Å"reciprocal insertion and intertwining† of others in ourselves and of us

Poverty and Animal Rights Activist Free Essays

The year is 2040. There are no animals. Most of the other races are literally extinct. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty and Animal Rights Activist or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poverty is what makes up the countries’ population. Could you imagine the world? I couldn’t. I would hate to live in a world where there is a struggle to live. I would hate It even more if did nothing but sit and watch. These thoughts are what drive my passions to try and change the world. I believe that If we all take a stand against these horrifying issues, we could make a change In the world, together. For Instance, I’d like to change the world by alleviating poverty. And my passions can be my tool. There are poor people living out there without anything. It’s a slow, and playfully to die and I don’t think their lives should be taken from them so easily. I could use one of my passions, which Is writing, and I could write a book through a poor person’s point of view. I also enjoy donating because It makes me happy to know that I helped someone In need. I could make money by slang, which Is also another passion, to donate. I could have a food drive for the ones who are starving. Thus, the poverty rate plummets. As soon as I was exposed to the horror of poaching, I knell would be the one to ease it. Poaching animals is another flaw that I would like to fix . I could use my passion, writing, by creating persuasive speeches that could, hopefully, change their minds. Although that doesn’t sound too safe, I could be an Animal Rights Activist. It’s a job that I’ve dreamed of. Anyways if I make speeches, I would read them aloud in public areas. Hopefully, it would raise awareness and everyone would see the reality. And I also like reading and it could be an asset because it would help with researching. Despite the laws, discrimination is still around. I’d like to impact the world by ending all discrimination. In this century, society has corrupted itself an words are as painful as whips strikes against your back. Writing cold be useful by making speeches. Singing would be helpful. I could compose songs about equality for all and sing them at public places or where you could perform. Just spread awareness through every corner. I’ve always been captivated, interested, and good with social studies or history, and I could recreate the discriminating periods and Insert them in essays and hopefully ban it once and for all. I’m passionate about writing, donating, reading, singing, and dreaming of becoming an Animal Rights Activist. I strongly believe that my passions will be useful by changing the world. Lay writing could help with alleviating poverty and It could raise awareness which would be the rescue. Writing can be turned Into a persuasive speech to convince that the animals are In need of help. And people will be aware of the grotesque reality. Discrimination could be ended once and for all with the help of my voice. My singing would be an asset and It could really llama. And me, being an Animal Rights Activist Is a dream. Jesse Owens once said, † We all have dreams. But on order to make tee dreams come into reality, it takes an awful lot of determination, dedication, self-discipline, and effort. † Poverty and Animal Rights Activist By foreordained it even more if I did nothing but sit and watch. These thoughts are what drive my passions to try and change the world. I believe that if we all take a stand against these horrifying issues, we could make a change in the world, together. For instance, I’d like to change the world by alleviating poverty. And my passions an be my tool. There are poor people living out there without anything. It’s a slow, and painfully to die and I don’t think their lives should be taken from them so easily. I could use one of my passions, which is writing, and I could write a book through a poor person’s point of view. I also enjoy donating because it makes me happy to know that I helped someone in need. I could make money by singing, which is also another passion, to donate. I could have a food drive for the ones who are As soon as I was exposed to the horror of poaching, I knew† would be the one to Job that I’ve dreamed of. Anyways if I make speeches, I would read them aloud in studies or history, and I could recreate the discriminating periods and insert them in by changing the world. Lay writing could help with alleviating poverty and it could raise awareness which would be the rescue. Writing can be turned into a persuasive speech to convince that the animals are in need of help. And people will be aware of my voice. My singing would be an asset and it could really impact. And me, being an Animal Rights Activist is a dream. Jesse Owens once said, † We all have dreams. But How to cite Poverty and Animal Rights Activist, Papers

Marketing Principles for Calm Drink - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Principles for Calm Drink. Answer: Introduction: The following report is going to succinctly elucidate the marketing launch of a new product that is calm drink. XYZ Company has been venturing the marketing plan in order to place the revamp plan into effect. It has clearly been understood that the global market of energy drink has been losing its effectiveness thus giving way to different forms of soft drinks. The change of market and consumer behaviour pertaining to the energy drinks like Red Bull, Rockstar, Monster and others has been utilised to the fullest and a new marketing plan to attract the customers towards the calm drinks has been taken into positive account. The following report is going to look into the details of the product levels, the consumer behaviour pertaining to the consumption of calm drinks, post sales service provision, the three layers of the product, total product concept, product classification, brand specification, brand strategies and marketing mix. The product belongs to the beverage industry. XYZ Company has come up with a soft drink that is exactly the juxtaposition to the energy drink. Calm drink contains ingredients such as magnesium powder. It is a carbonated beverage that does not allow over does of caffeine materials. The products have anti stress agents such as valerian root tea. As discussed in the board meeting, it has been decided that the product would conceive the name: Sage-Star. Because of the product criteria the name has been justly framed for this particular one. The product name implies the characteristics trait of the drink that would create a positive impression to the customers. chosen product does not imply post sales service to the customers, it does not have any added value to it. Hence, no augmented layer shall be applicable or considered in case of Sage- Star. However, Sage-Star is going to create its own augmented layer by offering the customer write to the service centre pertaining to the grievances they have. The complaints regarding the quality or packaging of the product need to be lodged to the respective customers service centre. In this case the augmented product lies in the form of customer service provision. Branding of the Product: The branding of the product depends on the movement of the market in a particular area. It has different forms of marketing strategies. Branding has different facilities as it distinguishes the product from the market competitions. The brand name becomes symbolic after the success of a particular product (Leonidou, Katsikeas and Morgan 2013). In case of sag- Stars, the branding has been quite effective and it is going to constitute the possible ways of the product description. Product branding facilitates the product in the following ways: In terms of the product marketing the branding helps effectively. The identification of Sage- Star is set to be pioneering calm drink beverage. Repeat sales would take place after the successful first phase of marketing of the product. New-product sales would be considered after the realisation and identification of the current market status. While branding, the company would take well care of the brand loyalty that it should not eradicate the positive customer impression. Relationship between the customer and the product would be considered as the brand loyalty and the company will put effort not to lose the existing bond between the customers and the brand (Huang and Sarigll 2014). Conclusion: Having understood the mode of the chosen market, it can clearly be stated that the marketing policy of Sage-Star will be effective from a certain time as it needs to understand the detail of consumer behaviour and to the consumer reactions to the consumption of the calm drinks. There are other factors as well in regards to the market competition and new entry mode of the product. All these criteria ought to be taken into consideration so as to proceed with the marketing of the product. Reference: Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Leonidou, C.N., Katsikeas, C.S. and Morgan, N.A., 2013. Greening the marketing mix: do firms do it and does it pay off?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,41(2), pp.151-170. Solomon, M.R., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2013.Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being. Pearson Australia.

So Much For The Afterglow free essay sample

Everclear So Much for the AfterglowI must say that Everclear is one of the best groups out there. In their most recent record, So Much For The Afterglow, they really outdo themselves. This record is a mixed bag. They hit you with some rock n roll tunes, including So Much For The Afterglow, Amphetamine and Like A California King. Then if you want to slow it down a bit with alternative, they do that too, with tracks like I Will Buy You A New Life, Everything to Everyone, Father of Mine and more. I strongly recommend this album to those who enjoy good music with either an upbeat sound or a slower one. It is a great, entertaining CD. You can find it in the alternative rock n roll section. This CD features songs dedicated to band members family and friends. It displays an ability to write songs for loved ones that others still enjoy. We will write a custom essay sample on So Much For The Afterglow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Personally, I think their tracks should be higher on the charts. Knock-knock, hey Billboard, whats wrong with you? How about moving I Will Buy You New Life up the charts? Good idea, huh. You can thank me later. Remember they are called Everclear and they sing the album So Much For The Afterglow..Review by Gary Thomerson, Fairbanks, AK

Walt disney essays

Walt disney essays Walt Disney was the Mickey Mouse of the twentieth century. His imagination forged ideas unthinkable by us. Many great things were a product of his mind. Characters came alive when he put pen to paper. Disney created things far above our mind, but made America far better than Walter Elias Disney was born on December 5th 1901 in Chicago Illinois. One of five kids, whose parents were Flora Disney, and Elias Disney,(Eliot). Shortly after birth, he moved to Marceline Missouri with his family. As a child, he was beaten by his father. Also as a child, he was interested in photography and drawing. Because he was interested in drawing, he sold sketches to neighbors as a kid. During the night, he went to the academy of fine Arts as a teen. One of his influences to go to this school was Charlie Chaplin. Another influence was his brother. His brother influenced him by determination and love for your job. As said by Eliot, work was an important thing to Disney. In his teens, he became the editor of McKinley newspaper. After the newspaper, he went to the army. Seeing as he was to young, he changed his birth papers to 16, not 15. In the army, he became a chauffeur to 4 officials. He drove After the army, Walt Disney created the mouse book. This caused many companies to see Disney as a great artist and writer. Due to the response of his published books, he moved to Hollywood CA in 1923, (Kclibrary.com). At California, he got a job at Kansas Ad company. At Kansas ad company, he met Ubbe Iwerks, his soon to be working partner. Written by Eliot, he says that Disney started laugh-o-grams with Iwerks after their jobs at Kansas ad company. At Laugh-0-grams he hired Graham. Graham proved to be so good, he had Graham teach an art class. Grahams class proved to be popular. When Laugh-0-grams went sour, Iwerks and Disney started up the Iwerks-Disney commercial ...

An analsysis of the theme of love and deceit in Twelfth Night

An analsysis of the theme of love and deceit in Twelfth Night According to Patrick Swinden in An Introduction to Shakespeares Comedies, a comedy does not demand the the degree of concentration and belief required by tragedy. As a result, an audience of a play is amusedly aware that its all a play, a game that they are sharing with the actors. FN1 In Twelfth Night, it is the characters, almost without exception, who, in varying degrees, are involved in deception. Swinden says, Whether we look in the plot that Shakespeare took (indirectly) from the Italian, or the plot he made up to put beside it, we shall discover deceit piled on deceit. FN2 Cesario/Viola deceives Olivia, Orsino, Sir Andrew, and Sir Toby, while Maria, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, and Feste deceive Malvolio. In an intricate pattern of concealment and reveal-ment the play spins dizzily toward its happy resolution with all the deceptions that had, and had been, concealed revealed. Is the end of the play really a happy ending? What dynamic in the process of deception could cause Sir Andrew to disappear or force Malvolio to declare, Ill be revenged on the whole pack of you! (5.1.380)? Are the characters bettered or changed by their experiences when they arrive at the end of Act Five than when they started at the beginning of Act One? Whether it be a practical joke or a clever disguise, the games being played in Illyria simultaneously result from and protect each characters deception not only of others but also, more importantly of themselves. The clearest examples are Duke Orsino and Olivia. The games begin with Orsinos opening lines to the play: If music be the food of love, play on; Give me excess of it, that surfeiting, The appetite may sicken and die (1.1.1-4). As Orsino continues to wax rhetorical and hysterical about being in love, it rapidly becomes apparent that he is playing a game with himself, which he will continue throughout the play. He is not in love, but rather in love with love. Olivia is unattainable and she has told him so repeatedly. Yet Orsino persists in making himself suffer, listening to sad love songs, writing to her, staying awake at night and crying into his pillow because he believes that this is the way someone in love acts. It is part of the game that while it may appear that Orsino is rhapsodising about Olivia, he is actually concentrating on himself. The words I, me, and mine occur ten times in the opening passage, culminating with: How will she love When live, brain, and heart, Those sovereign thrones, are all supplied and filled Her sweet perfections with one selfsame king! (35-39). Shakespeares use of selfsame intensifies not only Orsinos description of Olivia, but also his focus on himself. Throughout these lines there is a sense that Orsinos sexual identity, encased in a male body, has not yet been clearly defined, hence his necessity for adopting what he thinks are the affectations of a successful lover. Orsino begins Act Two, scene 4 in the same way he begins Act One: Give me some music (2.4.1). Here, however, Orsino requests a specific song, one overheard just the night before, as Feste, Olivias fool, sang it. How Orsino managed to overhear Festes performance is one of the mysteries of the play, but its effect on Orsino is unquestionable it did relieve my passion much (2.4.4). The songs lyrics are most depressing: Come away, come away, Death, And in sad cypress let me be laid. Fie away, fie away, breath, I am slain by a fair cruel maid; My shroud of white, all stuck with yew, O prepare it. My part of death no one so true Did share it. Not a flower, not a flower sweet On my black coffin let there be strown; Not a friend, not a friend greet My poor corpse, where my bones shall be thrown. A thousand thousand sighs to save Lay me, O where Sad lover never find my grave To weep there. (2.4.49-64) Although Orsino says that he heard only a piece of song (2.4.2), he also notes that it is an old and antique song (2.4.3), indicating that he knows it in its entirety. Its tune and sentiment are so powerful that it remains with him the next morning. It is possible that the song reminds Orsino that he is no longer young enough to pursue an amorous campaign, and that there will be neither lover nor child to mourn him as Olivia mourns her brother. In modern pop-psychology terminology, Orsino appears to be having a mid-life crisis. Orsinos game reaches a breaking point when Cesario interrupts his rhetoric with, Ay, but I know- (2.4.99). Orsino is shocked that this young man may have love experiences to which he has not been privy. He questions what Cesario knows about love and women, and is eager to hear the boys blank (2.4.106) story. Yet, Orsino remains oblivious to Cesarios confession: I am all the daughters of my fathers house, And all the brothers, too (2.4.116-117). Orsino seems to be uncomfortable with this very personal, very intense revelation from another man since his Ay, thats the theme (2.4.119) appears to restore his concentration to the safety and comfort of the pursuit of Olivia. Orsino decides to discard his affectations and goes to speak directly with Olivia. Whatever has transpired between him and Cesario in their three months (5.1.88) silence of Acts Three and Four has given him the strength to declare that he will be so much a sinner to be a double-dealer (5.1.27). Many productions have offered Orsino actually falling in love with Cesario, such as the 1994 RSC version which had the events of 2.4 take place in Orsinos bed. Orsino and Cesario share a passionate kiss that surprises them both, but the kiss also seems to flow from the action and its location. Trevor Nunns 1996 film moves the moment of passion to the scene during which Feste sings a love madrigal in a stable. Feste who coughs at the critical moment of their lips almost touching breaks the momentum. The interpretation is a valid one based on Orsinos customarily rhetorical proclamations of love for Cesario: Why should I not Kill what I love. (5.1.106, 108) This your minion whom, by heaven I swear I tender dearly (5.1.114-115) The lamb that I do love (5.1.119). Has Orsino fallen out of love with love and in love with Cesario? His proclamations arise from his anger at Olivias very public rejection of them as fat and fulsome to mine ear/As howling music (5.1.98-99), the same music that he has found so soothing. This anger is not generated by some newfound awareness. Swinden comments: He is talking about Cesario, not Olivia The presence on stage of both partners during the tirade brings out very delicately the ambiguity of Orsinos shift in feeling. He fails to distinguish the object of his anger from the object of his love. FN3 Even when Cesario is revealed to be Viola, his acceptance of a share in this most happy wrack (5.1.250) seems to be dependent on his seeing her in womans weeds (5.1.257). Yet it is to Viola still dressed as Cesario to whom Orsino offers his hand, not once but twice. That Orsino will not accept Viola unless she looks like a proper woman and yet offers his hand to the male vision suggests that Orsino has not surrendered completely his comfortable sexual cocoon into which he has only admitted Cesario and then only with restraint. This reticence is confirmed at the plays end when Orsino admits: Cesario come For so you shall be while you are a man, But when in other habits you are seen Orsinos mistress, and his fancys queen (5.1.362-365). In The two Antonios and Same-Sex Love in Twelfth Night and The Merchant of Venice, critic Joseph Pequigney explains that [Orsinos] attraction to Olivia, where he is heterosexually straight, like the other would-be wooers Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Malvolio, is a disaster. The love Cesario could not have changed instantaneously with the revelation of his femaleness; if it is erotic, then it would have been erotic before; what does change is that marriage suddenly becomes possible, hence the immediate proposal. FN4 This proposal is followed by a mournful song from Feste on the stages of a love life, which brings the play back to the beginning. Clearly, Orsino has not changed from the man he was: he will still have his fancy. He is as he was at the beginning of the play: he cannot totally abandon his own sexual game. In all likelihood, Viola will now become an Olivia substitute, his fancys queen. As Orsino hides behind the game of love, Olivia hides behind the game of grief cut off from love, adopting an Orsino version of mourning behaviour. Her entire household is in mourning and she daily goes to her brothers grave. As long as she grieves for her dead bother, her sexual desires can be put on hold. Grieving gives her the perfect excuse for rejecting Orsinos suit and relieves her of making a sexual investment in any man until she chooses the sight/And company of men (1.2.40-41). Unlike Orsino, Olivia has put a seven-year limit on her mourning for her father and brother of which twelvemonth has already elapsed when Viola lands in Illyria. In addition, Olivia differs from Orsino significantly since she can Sway her house, command her followers, Take and give back affairs and them dispatch With such a smooth, discreet and stable bearing (4.3.17-19). She is generous and tolerant, boarding Sir Toby and his guest, Sir Andrew, and positive in her view of the repressed Malvolio. With Festes logical and systematic stripping away of her facade, with Olivias consent, Olivia is free in a way that eludes Orsino. She demonstrates keen judgment about the affectations of love: Tis not that time of the moon with me to make one in so skipping a dialogue (1.5.164-165). She has an agile mind and is able to counter Cesarios metaphors as quickly as he issues them. She is inquisitive and only asks Cesario the necessary questions. She seems to be a realist, offering divers schedules of my beauty (1.5.200-201) in response to Cesarios lyricism. These qualities refuse to submerged even as she finds herself falling in love with Cesario: Not too fast! Soft, soft! Even so quickly may one catch the plague. Methinks I feel this youths perfections With an invisible and subtle stealth To creep in at mine eyes. Well, let it be. (1.5.248, 250-253) Olivia thus chooses to abandon the safety of her game and pursue Cesario with complete abandon and confidence in her womanhood. In her pursuit, free from her facade, Olivia is naively honest with herself and Cesario. She confesses in 3.1 that she sent a ring in chase of him (3.1.98). She asks him honestly, I prithee tell me what thou thinkst of me (3.1.123). Cesario attempts to repay this honesty, That you do think you are not what you are (3.1.124). Because of her naà ¯vetà ©, Olivia takes the phrase literally and assures Cesario that she is not mad. However, the line also points out that Olivia, the noblewoman, has fallen in love with a manservant, though a gentleman, and that that gentleman is actually a gentlewoman. Even so, Olivia is rational enough to realise that wit nor reason can my passion hide (3.1.137). Unlike Orsino, Olivia embraces the opportunity for sexual fulfilment with such enthusiasm that she will attempt to overcome every obstacle with actions, not moaning and words. She is quite lucid on love, Love sought is good, but givn unsought is better (3.1.141). In this sense, she is the sexual positive to Orsinos negative. Olivias views will be challenged, however, when confronted by Sebastian. Since fraternal identical twins are a biological impossibility, it would seem that Olivia would note some difference between Cesario and Sebastian. But in the throes of sacrificing love, she would rather soothe her beloveds ire with tales of how many fruitless pranks have been instigated by Sir Toby than launch an investigation into any differences that may exist between the sister and brother. For his part, Sebastian seems to think that nature caused Olivias consistency in being sexually attracted to a woman who looks just like him. But like Orsino, Olivia is eager for the sexual experience promised by marriage. Olivia is actually very much steeped in Orsinos selfsame deception. She was in love with the image of a man, not a man, admitting she was suffering from a most extracting frenzy of mine own (5.1.265). With this admission, Olivia too returns to being as she was at the beginning, involved in a self-deceiving sexual game, as Cesario had lamented: Poor lady, she were better love a dream (2.2.23). Although Sebastian notes that he sees the reality and thinks it a dream, Olivias relationship with Sebastian will ostensibly have to be re-defined, as will Orsinos with Viola. Pequigney observes: Like Orsino, Olivia goes through a homoerotic phase that lasts through and beyond betrothal; both have experiences that evince their bisexuality. Nor do they ever pass beyond it, for the sine qua non of their psychological development his away from fruitless doting on her, hers away from fixation on a dead brother and it has a crucial, integral, and unerasable part in both their love stories, that of Orsino with Cesario/Viola and that of Olivia with Cesario/Sebastian. FN5 Twelfth Night not only asks the comic question of how an individual gets out of tune with society, but also the tragic question of why the individual behaves this way, and why society insists upon its standards. FN6 This play is unique in that it asks these questions simultaneously, and within the context of the sexual games of the play, the answers can be found in the most basic and defining activity of human kind: sex.

Companies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Companies - Research Paper Example I feel like I have very strong leadership qualities, and employees of this company frequently get opportunities to lead the teams independently. Hence, I would not only find the opportunity to expedite my skills and capabilities, but would also grow professionally. Being employed by this company, I would feel safe for I would be building my experience in one of the largest and most popular companies in Qatar, which would be good for me in the long run. I would like to work for Qatar Petroleum because this is a very old company. It was 1939 when the first well was drilled. Development sustained after the Second World War and the first crude exports took place in the year 1949. The fields of Maydan Mahzam and Idd Al-Shargi were discovered in the year 1960. After the discovery of Bul Hanine, the largest offshore in 1970, Qatar Petroleum was established in the year 1974 (â€Å"QP History†). Since the company has a strong international presence, I would have the opportunity to visit different countries and places as part of my job and also have international exposure. With such a large work setup and being equipped with the latest technology, Qatar Petroleum provides its employees with the opportunity to polish their intellectual and technical skills in a highly dynamic and challenging environment. Working with Qatar Petroleum is a privilege and a great and valuable addition to the CV in terms of experience. I would also feel very fortunate and happy if I ever get employed in the Qatar Airways. Qatar Airways provides wonderful opportunities of talent development to its employees. Employees of Qatar Airways are offered a range of benefits and perks in addition to salary. Besides, the company fosters such a culture that makes its employees feel like a family. The company promises its employees; â€Å"You will gain from the diverse culture, by interacting with more than one hundred and fifty nationalities in a fast-paced working environment.

Abstract critique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abstract critique - Research Paper Example These were gathered from different published books and studies that underwent relative inquiries related to the topic and the various models that contributed to the creation and foundation of tactics that will encourage reversal in this manner. The author concluded the article through clearly stating the holistic approach of improving and fostering Indian teachers as leaders in their field. He further noted that â€Å"This Holistic development (psycho-spiritual-intellectual) will address the much needed cross cultural tolerance & will upgrade the level of not only learning but also global employability skills of students and teachers† (as cited in Raj, 2009). The limitation of this article comes with the presentation of the model followed by the subjects of the study and will not impose or change the current status of teachers. It will not efforts to change what is being followed by other educational institutions around the world. After the article was being read, and reviewed, I personally believed that it had presented a good example for those people who strive hard in improving the leadership status of different types of teaching individuals. In addendum, it also took effort in presenting the influences that technology provided to the individuals, especially that in this fast paced world, there is nothing that will be new but technology itself (as cited in Sweeney, 2003). This article however did not attempt to change the idea of what is the best model to be followed, rather to show the things that might be useful in changing the current status of the teaching individuals. The good thing about this topic is that it clearly provides the positive and the negative side of technological advancements in a developing country, like India. It also provided suggestions that will help in fostering change in the profession being discussed. Furthermore, it also presented the different effects posed to

Friends Essay Example for Free

Friends Essay A friend is someone who is helpful and kind. A friend is someone who you know and like and who likes you too. A friend is not an enemy. I have many different friends. Friends at school, at church, at sports and even overseas. Friends are special to me. Today, I want to share with you why friends such as all of you, are important to me. Body Firstly, friends provide me with support and courage. They laugh with me when I am happy. They cheer me on when I am in a race. When I win, they celebrate with me. For example, last year, at the Athletics Carnival, we all supported each other in our races. Friends cheer me up when I am sad. They try to make me laugh by entertaining me or tickling me out of my sadness. When I am hurt or feel sick, they care for me. When I have a problem or when I am struggling, they help me out. For example, when I lost my school hat last year, Hannah and Luke helped me look for it after school. I had searched for it everywhere and was ready to give up. But then, Luke spotted a hat which had been blown way out into the oval by the wind. He ran to pick it up and thankfully, it was my missing hat. I do not feel afraid or lonely at school because of my friends. I know they will stand up for me if I get bullied and they will stay by my side. Secondly, friends help me learn and try new things and ideas. Conclusion Friends are important to me. They support me, help me learn and most importantly, are honest with me and care for me. I think it is important that we treat our friends well, with respect and kindness, just like how they treat us. I am thankful for the many wonderful friends I have here at my Public School .

Computer Science at the University of Arizona :: essays research papers

The University of Arizona's Computer Science Department is a quality research program. The most recent National Research Council rankings place the department 33rd out of 108 PhD-granting institutions nationwide, despite the fact that we are a comparatively small department. In addition, we are the best Computer Science department of our size among publicly funded Universities, with the highest in number of citations (references) per faculty, and 17th overall in the number of publications per faculty. Another measure of our research productivity includes awards of external research funding in excess of $2.5 million from such prestigious sources as DARPA, INTEL, and NSF, including our fourth 5-year Research Infrastructure awarded in 2000. Our faculty serve on the editorial boards of a variety of journals, serve on program committees, publish books, and serve as fellows and chairs of organizations within the ACM and IEEE. In terms of teaching, our undergraduate and graduate curriculum provides a timely and well-rounded view of the field, with special emphasis on the practical aspects of building useful software. Our strengths lie in the traditional mainstream of areas of computer science: algorithms, programming languages, operating systems, distributed computing, networks, databases and theory of computing. We also offer courses in some subfields: graphics, artificial intelligence and the software aspects of computer architecture. The department's programs prepare students for positions in the design and development of computer systems and applications, in business and industry, and for scientific positions in industrial or academic computing research. The Computer Science department was established in 1973 as a graduate department offering masters and doctoral degrees. An undergraduate program was initiated in 1989. We currently have 15 faculty members, 3 lecturers, 5 technical support staff, and 4 research programmers affiliated with specific funding. The graduate program contains 61 MS students, 22 PhD candidates: the undergraduate program has 205 bachelors students and 400+ pre-majors. There are currently three Computing Laboratories available: Harvill 332b (houses a 31-station Pentium III based Windows 2000 instructional lab), Gould-Simpson 228 (contains a 50-station Xterm & Pentium III based Windows 2000 instructional lab), and the Research Lab in Gould-Simpson 748/756. Students receive accounts on both the main instructional machine, Lectura, (a multiprocessor, Sun SparcServer running the Solaris operating system), and on the Windows 2000 network. All systems have access to 100Mb switched Ethernet connections and direct Internet connectivity. The Gould-Simpson Research Lab contains numerous Pentium III Windows 2000/Linux OS systems, specialized printers, graphics devices, and PC clusters.

Hemmingway: Catherine as a Code Hero

Catherine: A Manipulative Caretaker In A Farewell to Arms, Frederic Henry is characterized initially by a sort of detachment from life-though well-disciplined and friendly, he feels as if he has nothing to do with the war. These feelings of detachment are pushed away when Henry falls in love with Catherine and begins to realize the hostile nature of the world. In this way, Henry serves the function of a character that becomes initiated in Hemingway's philosophy of an indifferent universe and man's struggle against it. Due to the untimely death of a fiance previous to the events of this book, Catherine is initiated into Hemingway's philosophy, and exemplifies the traits of the Hemingway  code hero  throughout the novel. She is characterized primarily by her disregard for  social conventions  as well as an unfaltering devotion to Henry. Catherine is defined as a code hero because of her honor, courage, and endurance in pain. Honor is defined as having a keen sense of ethical conduct. For Catherine, the ethical conduct is keeping Henry happy, and in doing so, she is keeping herself happy. At first glance, Catherine Barkley appears to be an example of any man’s fantasy girl. She appears as a dull character that asks nothing of Henry and is only there to make him happy. Because of this, it is said that Catherine's character is demeaning to women. Catherine Barkley's basic approach to her relationship with Frederic shows her as being inferior. She appears to gladly accept a lower role in her relationship with Frederic. â€Å"I'll do what you want and say what you want,† she tells him, â€Å"and then I'll be a great success, won't I† (Hemmingway105). Her idea of a successful relationship, and of happiness, is based on making Frederic happy no matter what she has to do. Like the code hero, she handles conflicting needs with grace, giving to both, but shorting none. She uses Henry as a template to fulfill her need for her dead fiance. And because Henry is characterized as unemotional, it is effortless for her to use him as a template to mold him into the man she longs for. She enters the war as a nurse the same time her fiance enters as a soldier, but because he dies she longs for a clutch to keep track of reality. She is always surrounded by wounded soldiers, which does not help her cope with the death of her fiance until Henry comes into her life. His unemotional attitude towards the world provides her with the perfect opportunity bring her fiance back to life—in her mind. In a conversation with Henry, Catherine forces words into his mouth, â€Å"Say, ‘I’ve come back to Catherine in the night’† (30). Henry instinctually repeats as she says without ever questioning her. He even says, â€Å"I thought she was probably a little crazy†¦I did not care what I was getting into† (30). Even though he acknowledges the fact that she might be slightly deranged, he accepts her because he the type of man to gamble. In another instance, Catherine reassures herself that her love will not abandon her again. â€Å"You’re so lovely and sweet. You wouldn’t go away in the night, would you? † (197). Because she loses her love once already, she is unwilling to allow that to happen again. Also, by loving Henry, she saves her from going crazy with grief. When everything is exploding all around them, everything takes on more urgency. In her mind, as well as his, it is normal that she feels so intensely for Henry. And she doesn’t fall apart without him when they are separated, but just keeps on trucking and hoping. She does not need  Henry for anything but love. Although, on the surface, Catherine seems to be the perfect male fantasy, she is in fact quite the opposite. In addition to her honorable acts, she displays courage. Even Ernest Lockridge, author of â€Å"Faithful in Her Fashion: Catherine Barkley, the Invisible Hemingway Heroine† says, â€Å"Catherine frequently displays wit, intelligence, cool irony, and, facing death, she displays dignity and courage—qualities that seems contradictory to the fawning, submissive Catherine† (Lockridge 172). Hemmingway portrays courage in Catherine when she tries to console Henry about her death. â€Å"I’m not brave anymore, darling. I’m all broken. They’ve broken me. I know it now† (Hemmingway 323). Catherine is clearly in fear of death, but she is not trying to run or hide from it. She faces death and tries to console Henry by telling him she is not going to die. After undergoing a caesarian section and giving birth to a stillborn baby boy, Catherine proves just how brave she is. Though she knows she is dying, she still has the dignity and strength to accept such a fate. In face, she finds herself trying to comfort her distraught lover once again. With death approaching, Catherine’s final words to Frederic Henry suggest she possesses some sense or understanding of her own mortality and of what is soon to come. She says, â€Å"I’m not a bit afraid. It’s just a dirty trick† (331). The â€Å"it† Catherine refers to is presumably death, but in fact, the indefinite may be referring to life, a process Catherine views as a â€Å"rotten game† (31), since so much about it is left to chance and death is always the end. Catherine stood brave in the face of a battle with her own body. Like the soldiers, neither her bravery, nor Henry’s love, could save her from death. In Henry’s mind, the death of the soldiers and the death of Catherine are parallel tragedies, which cannot be separated from each other. By weaving the tragedies together, he memorializes both such tragedies, and can perhaps hope to heal a bit of his pain. Critics may argue that Catherine is a clutch for Henry to cope with war, but clearly throughout the novel, Henry is more attached to her than she is to him. Frederic says, â€Å"When I saw her, I was in love with her. Everything turned over inside of me† (Hemmingway 91). He is truly falling in love with her and who she is, but she, on the other hand only loves him for being alive. He is, in fact, her tool to endure the emotional pain for the loss of her fiance. Once again Ernest Lockridge says, â€Å"To preserve her fantasy, Catherine strives to isolate the relationship from others. She speaks Frederic Henry’s name only once†¦by worrying that people will suspect an affair†¦she will not marry Frederic Henry† (Lockridge 174). When Frederic first meets her she laments that she did not marry her fiance before he died. She says that they were engaged for eight years and that they grew up together. She tells Frederic she did not marry her fiance because she thought that it would trap him. She feels she will do the same to Henry. Frederic Henry does want to be married but Catherine thinks this would keep them from being together during the war. When he pressures her, she says, â€Å"We’re really married. I couldn’t be any more married. † She keeps up this attitude until near the end of her pregnancy, when she says, â€Å"I suppose if we have this child, we should really get married† (Hemmingway 115). Frederic says, â€Å"Let’s get married now† (293). But Catherine refuses again and claims to want to wait until after the baby is born. She wants the commitment of marriage, but is very suspicious of it as an institution. Also, Catherine, in her mind, envisions Henry as her dead fiance, so to her she is still completely faithful but in reality, she is with a man that she has not truly come to know. She is at a fragile state where if she acknowledges the death of her fiance, she will be shattered. Her mechanism of coping with the pain of losing a loved one is by replacing him with another body but not in spirit. On a physical sense, she endures pain by being away from Henry as well as the occurrence where she is in labor. While in labor, Catherine is in pain, but she is telling Henry to eat so he is not harmed from hunger. She says, â€Å"That was a very big one. Don’t you worry, darling. You go away. Go have another breakfast† (317). Even with painful contractions, she is more concerned with Henry’s appetite than her own comfort. Catherine has a high endurance for pain, both emotionally and physically. She creates coping mechanisms for both so that she is able to live in reality without seeming insane. Traditionally, Hemingway's heroes are male, and to interpret Catherine as a code hero was inadmissible. Catherine was thought as an undeveloped character in the novel, merely an idealized projection of male desire. Upon closer examination, however, Catherine does share characteristics of the code hero. Hemingway's code hero is a skilled professional. Catherine is a nurse who is skilled in her profession. The code hero lives with courage in a dangerous world. Catherine demonstrates courage when she and Frederic row across the lake to escape into Switzerland, a very dangerous feat, and especially when she tries to deliver their baby, finally realizing that she will die. The code hero also lives in a random universe, but chooses to control himself and endure reality. Catherine cannot control events when she goes into labor, but she endures the pain with dignity until her death. Catherine endures in other ways, as well. She experiences the death of a fiance and faces great fear as an unmarried nurse when she learns she is pregnant. Throughout all of these times, however, Catherine does not feel sorry for herself, and she does not break. Like a code hero, she endures. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Scribner, 2003. Print. Lockridge, Ernest. â€Å"Faithful in Her Fashion: Catherine Barkley, the Invisible Hemingway Heroine. † The Journal of Narrative Technique, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Spring 188), pp 170-178

Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Motivation in Islam among IIUM Employees Introduction Essay

Work motivation is important to encourage a worker to improve productivity and achieve organizational goals. In Islamic perspective, motivation is a form of drive that can influence humans to performance act. In work place, employers are faced with the task which is motivating employees and creating high job satisfaction among their staff. Program and policy can develop job satisfaction and motivate employees. When the employer understands the benefits of job satisfaction and motivation in the workplace, though, the investment in employee-related policies can be justified (Anderson, 2012). Therefore, researchers believe that there are relationship between job satisfaction and motivation. This paper is to study work motivation in Islam the definition of motivation in Islamic terms and how it can improve or decrease the work motivation among Muslim employees. The objective of this study is mainly focus on the elements that can contribute into work satisfaction and work motivation in an Islamic environment such as: job satisfaction, marital status, religiosity and experience, these are all the independent variables that we would like to study their effect on work motivation among IIUM staff members. Hypotheses of this study are: 1. Thos who are married may be motivated to excel the task than those who are single. 2. The more experience the person has the more motivated he became. 3. The more job satisfaction increase among workers they tend to be motivated to do the task. 4. The more religious the worker is the more he/she motivated to excel in work. Moreover, this paper is intended to answer questions: 1. How can marital status effect work motivation? 2. What is the role of religion in work motivation? 3. What is the relationship between experience and work motivation? 4. How can job satisfaction increase work motivation? Therefore, the core objectives of this paper are: 1. To find out the impact of job satisfaction on work motivation. 2. To investigate the importance of experience in work motivation. 3. To figure out the effect of marital status on work motivation 4. To determine the role of religion on work motivation 5. To answer these questions and to study the relationship between these variables and work motivation. LITERATURE REVIEW Conceptualization Motivation Motivation is derived from motive which means needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals. It is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals and later reinforced by motivate. Motivation literally is reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way, desire or willingness to do something (Oxford dictionaries, 2012). Mahmoud (2000) refers motivation as inner process that activates, energies, drive behavior to goal. It is what causes us to act, whether it is getting food to reduce hungry or reading book to do assignment. Motivation in this research means motivation as drive to achieve goal in work field. Therefore, this research focuses on motivation in work place. Technically, Ryan and Deci (2000) states that motivation means someone needs at least desire to inspire him or her to do some action. This person who is energized toward an end is considered motivated while if this person has no inspiration to act is considered as unmotivated. They also distinguish general types of motivation based on different goal and reasons which are intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is doing something because of internal factor for example person has interest on it or like it and want to do it while extrinsic refers to doing something because of external factor such as he or she will get salary. Fundamentally, we have to know motivation theory in order to understand motivation. The following paragraph is about motivation theories which relates to our research. Motivation Theories

Leadership Influence on Market Performance of Companies

Leadership Influence on Market Performance of Companies Introduction Leadership plays an important role in defining the ability of a firm to achieve success in the market. According to Blanchard and Cathy (2002), organizations depend on leadership to define the path that should be taken in order to reach a specific destination. Successful companies in the world attribute their achievements to effective leadership.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Influence on Market Performance of Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Virgin Group, Apple, and Microsoft are some of the largest and most successful companies in the world. The success story of these companies cannot be told without the mention of the pivotal roles played by their leaders. The Virgin Group owes its success to the effective leadership of Sir Richard Branson. No one can talk about the massive success that Apple Inc has achieved without mentioning the name of Steve Jobs. Microsoft Corporation a nd Bill Gates are names which are inseparable. These leaders were able to understand the needs of the employees, the changes taking place in the market, and the technological dynamics. In Australia, there are a number of companies that have experienced massive success due to effective leadership. Aussie Commerce Group, Schnitz, Drilltechniques, and Fossil Energy Services Pty Ltd are some of the companies that have experienced massive success in the past. These companies have been in existence for only half a century, but because of effective leadership, they have experienced massive growth of their market share within the country. This research focuses on the extent to which leadership influences the market performance of companies. Effective Business Leadership According to the research by Ferch and Spears (2011), effective business leadership is one of the most important ingredients that are needed to succeed in the current competitive market. The level of competition has become s o stiff that many organizations are now forced to find a way of developing superior strategies to protect their market share. Many scholars say that the success of a firm heavily relies on the effective company leadership. Company leadership goes beyond developing policies and forcing the stakeholders to apply them as per the wishes of the leader. It also surpasses providing the needed resources to undertake specific activities. Leadership is about managing people within an organisation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Employees form a very important part of an organisation. The effort they put in what they do, and the desire they have to see the firm successful defines the ability of an organisation to achieve its objectives (Annabelle, 2006). A leader is expected to create and then share the ambitious visions with the employees and all other stakeholders so that they are convinced that the future is bright. Transformational leadership is one of the recent leadership models that have been considered effective in managing stakeholders who have varying interest. For instance, while the shareholders will demand for increased interests, the employees may desire increased wages. These interests may affect the financial position of an organisation if they are not managed properly. A leader must find a way of convincing the stakeholders to take a common path that would benefit everyone in the long run. Miller (2012) says that an effective leader must learn to treat the stakeholders, especially the employees, as individuals other than groups. Giving stakeholders a personalized approach not only creates a close bond between the stakeholders and the management, but it also enables the management understand the diversity that exists in a firm and how it can be managed. Northouse (2010) says that irrelevant company leadership is the reason why some firm s have failed to achieve success. Leadership may be considered irrelevant if the leader does not understand the industry within which his or her company is operating. For example, it may be difficult for a plumber to offer relevant leadership to a firm operating in the health sector. Employees look upon the leader to offer directions when handling some of the complex tasks. When the leader has no knowledge on the basic concepts as to what should be done, then his or her authority as a leader will be lost. The employees will lose trust in him or her, and when this happens, they will have no hope for a better future in the firm. This is what Adetule (2011) describes as underwhelming leadership. It is a case where the leader is not in a position to offer the employees guidance based on the expert knowledge. In fact, it may take a long time, probably constant complaints from the customers, for such a leader to realize that there is a problem that needs to be addressed within the organis ation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Influence on Market Performance of Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Relationship between Leadership and Company Performances Leadership and employee management The main role of a leader is to manage the employees and ensure that they remain motivated and committed to their duties. According to Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy (2012), some of the newly emerging firms in Australia have been very successful because they have leaders who know how to manage their employees in various contexts. This means that the success that Aussie Commerce Group, Schnitz, Drilltechniques, and Fossil Energy Services Pty Ltd have experienced in the Australian market is largely associated with the effective employee management. There are various aspects of employee management that a leader should be aware of in order to achieve success in the market. Managing communication is one of th e most important tasks of leaders in the normal running of an organization. In order to manage a group of people, one would need to have a system that allows free communication between various entities in an organization (Sipe Frick, 2009). The leader must be informed about the successes and various challenges the firm is experiencing in the market by the marketing unit. He or she will also need to be informed about the financial position of the firm by the finance department. The human resource management unit must always update the leader about the quality of the current personnel, their ability to meet the expectations of the firm, and any need to expand or reduce the size of the workforce (Aquinas, 2006). The leader needs relevant information from the logistics unit, the insurance department, and other departments about various issues that affect the firm directly or indirectly. It is, therefore, vital to have a proper communication system that will make it possible for the lea der to get these pieces of information from all the responsible individuals. When the decision has been made, the manager will need a system that will make the information reach all the relevant stakeholders so that it can be implemented (Bass, 2005). The communication system must facilitate close relationship between the junior employees and the top management of a firm. These are some of the strategies that have been perfected by the successful firms mentioned above. Other than effective communication, a leader needs to formulate an effective employee relation system. According to Kouzes and Posner (2012), no organisation can achieve success without a team of dedicated staff. Employees are the wheels upon which an organization runs towards achieving its set objectives.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the leader has formulated strategic policies, it is the workers who will be expected to put the policies into practice. However, it is vital to note that the workforce can only be productive if they feel that the leader cares for their interests. Employee relation management is an essential aspect of leadership that defines the ability of a firm to achieve success. It enables the leader to maintain a pool of loyal employees (Bell, 2005). It also helps the leader to develop a close bond and trust with the employees in an organization. This creates an environment where the employees are always willing to follow the guidelines given by the leader. They will always be willing to make an extra effort in order to please the leader. According to Matha and Boehm (2008), teamwork is important in the current society where close coordination of employees is a powerful weapon in managing the market wars. Recent researches have confirmed that when employees are allowed to work as a team, th ey easily learn from their colleagues and this enhances their skills. In such teams, spreading of new information in a practical way is possible, reducing the need to conduct regular on-job trainings. Team building strategies are very important to a leader in a number of ways (Polelle, 2008). In cases where there are effective strategies to make employees work as a team, the cost of their supervision is always reduced because the employees will be monitoring themselves as they struggle to complete the duties assigned to them. Teamwork also promotes motivation among the employees, the fact that promotes their productivity. Leadership and innovation According to Schuttler and Burdick (2010), the current dynamic market environment requires firms to embrace creativity and innovation as a way of gaining the competitive edge over the competitors. A firm must continually seek to find new ways of addressing different tasks in convenient ways and at reduced costs. Leadership plays an importa nt role in promoting creativity and innovation within a given organisation. Creativity among the employees can only be exploited if the leader creates an enabling environment. Employees who are always involved in handling various tasks are in a better position of coming up with suggestions about how their tasks can be done differently in order to yield better results, reduce the resources used, and to cut down time needed for the processes. Transformational leadership has been considered as an effective way of evoking skills and knowledge of employees to deliver better results (Clawson, 2011). A leader needs to positively challenge the employees to come up with creative ideas that can make the firm more successful. This is one of the areas that have made Aussie Commerce Group very successful in the market. With about 150 employees, this firm has been keen on delivering new and better products to its customers on a regular basis in order to maintain their loyalty to this firm. The to p leadership of the firm has given the employees power to come up with creative ideas of meeting the customers’ needs, cutting of costs of operation, or reducing time that it takes to deliver products to the customers. Any idea that goes through the evaluation process successfully and is finally adopted earns the innovator financial and social benefits within the firm (Kouzes Posner, 2003). This has created a positive competition within the firm where employees are always making efforts to ensure that they invent better ways of delivering high value to the firm. This explains why this firm has achieved massive success in its market performance over the recent past. Leadership and financial planning In order to achieve success, organizations need to have proper financial planning system that will help in meeting the needs using the limited resources available. As a leader, it is important to know how to prioritize the needs of a firm. The leader must know the needs that are u rgent, those that cannot be ignored, and those which may have a massive impact on the overall performance of the firm. Such needs should always be prioritized (Collins, 2001). Unnecessary expenses, especially on issues that do not have direct value to the firm, should be avoided at all costs. This means that a leader should have financial literacy. This will enable him or her to make wise investment decisions that will have a positive influence on the firm. Drilltechniques is one of the emerging Australian firms that have started from humble beginnings, but because of the financial management skills of its leader, it has managed to grow into a large company with a large financial base. Leadership and external relationships Another aspect of leadership that has a direct impact on the market performance is the ability to relate well with the external stakeholders. These stakeholders include the government, the competitors, regulatory agencies, and any other body that have direct or in direct impacts on the firm. The days when market rivals viewed one another as enemies are long gone. Competitors need to work together and face the market challenges as a team as a way of creating a positive competitive environment (Flint, 2012). The leader also needs to find a working relationship with the government and other regulatory agencies in order to ensure that the operations of the firm are smooth. Leadership and ethics The leadership of any organization has ethical and social responsibilities to various stakeholders that should be properly fulfilled. It is an ethical responsibility of the management to ensure that the employees are not mistreated in any way within the organization (Gallos, 2008). The management also needs to ensure that the interests of stakeholders such as the government, shareholders, customers, and the public are taken care of as may be necessary. This will influence the market performance of the company. Conclusion It is clear from the discussion abo ve that leadership has a massive influence on the market performance of a company. A firm operates under the guidance of the leader. A leader is expected to understand the internal and external environmental factors, and find a way of making an organisation to maximize on its strength. The manner in which a leader treats the employees defines the level of output of a firm. The way the leader relates with the external stakeholders and manages the finance of the firm directly influences the company’s ability to achieve success in its market performance. References Adetule, J. (2011). Handbook on management theories. Bloomington: Author House. Annabelle, M. (2006). Notes from a Small Island: Researching Organisational Behaviour in Healthcare from a UK Perspective, Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 27(7), 851-867. Aquinas, P. (2006). Organisational behaviour: Concepts realities applications and challenges. New Delhi: Excel Books. Bass, ‎ B. (2005). Transformational Leade rship. New York: Simon Schuster. Bell, J. (2005), Doing your research project: a guide for first-time researchers in education, health and social science. Maidenhead: Open university press. Blanchard, K. H., Cathy, S. T. (2002). The generosity factor: Discover the joy of giving your time, talent, and treasure. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. Clawson, J.G. (2011). Level Three Leadership: Getting Below the Surface. New York: Prentice Hall. Collins, J. C. (2001). Level 5 leadership: The triumph of humility and fierce resolve. Boston: Harvard Business Review. Ferch, S. R., Spears, L. C. (2011). The spirit of servant-leadership. New York: Paulist Press. Flint, B. B. (2012). The journey to competitive advantage through servant leadership: Building the company every person dreams of working for and every president has a vision of leading. Bloomington, Ind: West Bow Press. Gallos, J. (2008). Business leadership: A Jossey-Bass reader. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R. C., C urphy, G. J. (2012). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Kouzes J.M. Posner B.Z. (2012). The Leadership Challenge. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Kouzes, J. M., Posner, B. Z. (2003). Encouraging the heart: A leaders guide to rewarding and recognizing others. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Matha, B., Boehm, M. (2008). Beyond the babble: Leadership communication that drives results. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Miller, K. (2012). Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Northouse, P. G. (2010). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Polelle, M. (2008). Leadership: Fifty great leaders and the worlds they made. Westport: Greenwood Press. Schuttler, R., Burdick, J. (2010). Laws of communication: The intersection where leadership meets employee performance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Sipe, J. W., Frick, D. M. (2009). Seven pillars of servant leadership: Practicing the wisdom of leading by serving. New York: Paulist Press.

What effect does the pressure of standardized testing have on student Thesis Proposal - 1

What effect does the pressure of standardized testing have on student expectations and performance - Thesis Proposal Example oposed research will play a significant role in enabling educators to improve the process of standardized testing that may result in a positive impact on students’ performance rather than vice versa. Research Questions In order to collect data, the researcher has identified following questions that will enable the researcher in fulfilling abovementioned aims and objectives of the proposed research: You need to paste your questionnaire here LITERATURE REVIEW The statement â€Å"What effect does the pressure of standardized testing have on student expectations and performance?† has come under many studies, researches and theories since it is one of the most vital and significant subject of concern for the youth of twenty first century as they are living in the world of paramount competition. This topic has been under constant discussions and disputes with many controversial results amongst the academic researchers, professors and lecturers, and parents as everybody has a different perspective on the influence and performance on students of the standardized testing. However, the preliminary concept of standardized testing has emerged in order to assess and calculate the knowledge, understanding, and efficiency of students within the academic learning systems that comes under practice in the United States and many other countries. In addition, education systems even exercise the standardized testing with a purpose to establish, form and outline the program of study for the students according to their performance and skills level (Henningfeld, 2007).   Various educational institutions carry out numerous standardized tests as eligibility criteria of admission in the college or school all around the world includes â€Å"Scholastic Assessment Tests (SAT), Graduate Management... The statement â€Å"What effect does the pressure of standardized testing have on student expectations and performance?† has come under many studies, researches and theories since it is one of the most vital and significant subject of concern for the youth of twenty first century as they are living in the world of paramount competition. This topic has been under constant discussions and disputes with many controversial results amongst the academic researchers, professors and lecturers, and parents as everybody has a different perspective on the influence and performance on students of the standardized testing. However, the preliminary concept of standardized testing has emerged in order to assess and calculate the knowledge, understanding, and efficiency of students within the academic learning systems that comes under practice in the United States and many other countries. In addition, education systems even exercise the standardized testing with a purpose to establish, form and outline the program of study for the students according to their performance and skills level (Henningfeld, 2007). Various educational institutions carry out numerous standardized tests as eligibility criteria of admission in the college or school all around the world includes â€Å"Scholastic Assessment Tests (SAT), Graduate Management Aptitude Tests (GMAT), Law School Admission Testing (LSAT) and Medical College Admission Tests (MCAT) and numerous others† (Henningfeld, 2007).

Consumer Protection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consumer Protection - Assignment Example This rule does not aim at shielding sellers who involve themselves in bad faith or fraudulent dealings by misleading, or false representations concerning the condition or quality of certain goods. It merely suggests that a buyer must judge, examine and test a good considered for buying. The current trend in laws protecting customers has reduced the efficiency of this rule. Even though, the consumer is still obligated to inspect goods upon buying them, the seller is being given more responsibilities, and the caveat venditor principle meaning "let the seller beware" has now become extremely prevalent. There exists a legal presumption whereby a seller should make some warranties, not unless in cases where the seller and the buyer agree otherwise (Devenney, & Kenny, 2011). A seller who does the business of often selling a certain product has greater responsibilities in relating with any average consumer. By using the term "as is" the seller did limit his liability against the buyer. As o f the doctrine of caveat emptor, the buyer of the car was not in a position to claim damages he incurred when he got injured from the brake failure from the seller. Question 2 Puffery refers to claims and promotional statements that instead of expressing objective views, they express subjective views and no "reasonable person" can take these views literally. Puffery mostly appears in testimonials, and it puffs up the image of the thing under description. Puffery is utilized in product promotion with an aim of making the product extra appealing by using bombastic, subjective, and hard to prove claims. Several people have claimed that some organizations easily cross the boundary differentiating puffery from other misleading claims. In many countries, there are laws that permit organizations to involve puffery; this differentiates mere puffery from real factual claims that would result in misleading a consumer (Cseres, 2005). What mainly distinguishes a puffery is the fact that it is n ot considered seriously by consumers. When doing product evaluations in order to whether to purchase or not to buy a product, consumers are always aware that the claim is never literal. The Federal Trade Commission monitors misleading and deceptive advertising, although puffery is not considered to be against the law. The FTC claims that consumers should be aware of these statements, and they should not take the exaggeration seriously (Winn, 2006). For instance, if a soda industry advertises a â€Å"healthy† product, lawyers can enquire if customers should interpret that to say the soda is healthier compared to other related products or to mean the soda is good for their health. If such a claim happens to be puffery, customers interpret it to mean the soda is healthier compared to its competitors, but if it happens to be a misleading claim, customers may interpret that the soda has health benefits. FTC can step in to take a suitable action whenever there is no adequate proof to back up a puffery (Devenney, & Kenny, 2011). Question 3 Identity theft results when individuals better known as fraudsters get access to sufficient details about another person’s identity to carry out identity fraud and other crimes. Personal information may include the victim’s date of birth, their identifying number, their name, their credit card number, and their previous or current addresses. Identity theft can happen regardless of the fraud victim being

The impact of the external factors on the British Airways Essay

The impact of the external factors on the British Airways - Essay Example The paper tells that the price and output in every industry are determined on the basis of the market structure. Market structure of an industry, in turn, is determined by the number of players in the industry which results in the level of competition in that particular industry. Market structure of an industry is defined by four basic factors. Impact of these factors result in the market competition and the price is determined accordingly. Furthermore, with the increasing level of competition, the output is determined for arriving at returns to scale with increasing efficiencies for profitability. Additionally, the differentiation is also attributed to product and service in order to refrain from price wars in the competitive environment. The market structure and power are also affected by other factors such as ease and entry in the industry, the ease of substitute, and the sensitivity of the demand etc. Similar to other industries, the airline industry is also driven by a pattern o f competition that has defined the market structure in the global aviation and airline industry. Change in the factors of competition has changed the market structure of the Airline industry. For example, Liang, in a paper, has referred to the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, control over the physical equipment, strengthened frequent flyer program etc still resist in transforming the airline industry into a perfect competition industry from its oligopoly market structure. On the other hand, the impact of the low-cost airline has further increased the heterogeneity in the market structure. Borenstein & Rose, in a paper, have referred that with reduced entry barriers and increased government support to the industry, has led the many carriers to enter the industry and create a challenging competitive environment. British Airways have taken into account the factors that have impacted the industry.

Interview with and Analysis of the Work of a Professional from Other Essay

Interview with and Analysis of the Work of a Professional from Other Non Educational Disciplines - Essay Example In this stage, their maturity and their readiness to go on a first day off with no escort are being gauged. The third stage allows them to take the role of a program facilitator or admin officers. They are also being tapped to organised group sessions and to train in handling difficult circumstances. Before the end of this phase, they are required to write their autobiography and submit career proposal which they will defend. In the aftercare phase which is the last stage, they are expected to continue their careers and to strengthen their social life. Objectives and goals of this aftercare stage must be strictly followed in order to enable them to graduate (Self Enhancement for Life Foundation, 2009). An individual can be considered as alcohol dependent when he/she is addicted to alcohol and have that compulsive need to drink at the same time developing an increase tolerance to alcohol. It had been noted in some researches that alcoholism usually runs in the family and genetics, the refore is a contributing factor in alcohol dependence. Sales professions especially those dealing on high end products require socialisation to allure prospective clients. This socialisation involves drinking that may lead to high intake of alcohol, thus, they are prone to alcohol dependence. People experiencing anxiety and tensions due to unfavorable situations may resort to heavy drinking as their coping mechanism (Sillaber, et.al, 2002). Effects on social life of alcohol dependence include broken relationship, inefficiency in work that may lead to job loss, financial difficulties and the tendency to commit crimes against person and properties. Social environment can be an... This report stresses that the insights provided by PsT enlightened me to the different aspects of her profession and issues she encountered. It made me appreciate psychotherapists and the significance of their works. Lessons in STEP may be learned the hard way but the constant struggle of both the psychotherapist and the alcohol dependents individuals have not gone unnoticed. But every struggle pave way for meaningful life for these individuals. The turning point of their struggles comes when the kindness and understanding of those behind the STEP TC were offered to them. They may have a roller coaster ride while undergoing treatment but the chance given to and determinations of these individual have contributed to the success of their recovery programs. The significance of the interviews with PsT provides consciousness of the vital roles they play in our society especially to those with psychosocial issues. This paper makes a conclusion that the roles of psychotherapists in looking after the welfare of their clients inspire people who are mere spectators. In some ways, they become aware of the existence of these professionals who willingly give a part of themselves in the dedication of their duty. As PsT showed her cooperation in the formation of these paper, she never failed to amaze the interviewer. This person has so much to offer in the betterment of those caught in the dark side of alcoholism and substance abuse. Psychotherapists provide light where it is most needed.

Development of the Peoples Bank of China

Development of the Peoples Bank of China People’s Bank of China seeking a fresh start in 2030 after a tough period of restructuring People’s Bank of China (PBoC) after experiencing a great collapse in June 2020 is  aiming for a sustainable recovery. A historic tragedy in China which happened in 2020 where PBoC used deposits to write of its Non Performing Loans (NPL) which accounted for more than 4 trillion Yuan. There were problems of shadow borrowing with Chinese banks in the early years of 21st century. There were many issues and many were responsible for the incident but China recovered well considering the fact that last decade taught China a lot over the issues. People realized their fault of relying the banks and banks realizing the fault of relying on the government. But their beliefs were failed as PBoC was not supported by the government during its crisis. PBoC president recalled the event and mentioned that for the past 5 years PBoC was restructuring and reframing rules to make sure that it should really be for People of China. PBoC has also adapted a new policy called ‘Transparent insigh ts’ where it will show where the money deposited was invested and how much interest PBoC get out of it and the risks associated through such investment. There are may new policies announced by PBoC keeping in mind that their customers are their king and with a primary focus that they need serve their customers. Many technologies were adapted to keep track of defaulters and the president of PBoC promised that it would be default proof. People are confident in investing in PBoC after the restructuring which took nearly 10 years. Chinese Yuan after facing a tough time for more than a decade is appreciating and experts believe that Yuan will touch single digits by mid of June 2030. The bank has also introduced a new concept to help the depositors and the stakeholders called ‘Choose your Borrower’. According to this, certain depositors (Preferential) will be given rights to choose their borrower so it becomes easy for the bank that they may not worry too much on the risks involved as the depositor knows who the borrower is and this kind of transparency helps them to service better. Overall PBoC has adapted an environment which is friendly to depositors and stringent to borrowers. Hoping for a good start to the New Year, president told that ‘Friendly Environment for Depositors – by keeping their money and future safer than ever before’. Friendly Environment for FDI: As Yuan appreciates against US strongly over a period of 1 year, it is expected that there would be boom in foreign direct investment (FDI). As expected the FDI started to grow. There has been a repeated complaint by the foreign investors that the Chinese employees have not been treated properly. Employees in China have been forced to work under dangerous environment  with absolutely no security to their own life. This has been raised as an issue when FDI withdrew from China when there was a problem in PBoC (People’s bank of China) in 2020. Keeping in mind all those issues, the Chinese government in coordination with the State owned Entreprises (SOEs) which are responsible for employing people in their own location have decided that people are the most important capital in any economy. China glorified in 20th century was just because of their people’s hard work. The people in China unlike other nations are very hard working. But the government took advantage over thei r commitment and made them work for long hours. Their average working hours per week would be around 60 hours which is 1.5 times that of what has been the norm followed throughout the world. The very common and popular example is Laborers working in factories for Apple faced lots of problems: Exposure to working environment which is very dangerous to life. Living accommodation provided was not fit for living. Using certain chemicals to clean the outer cover without the use of gloves of Apple’s Iphone which was harmful to life. Failing to pay the insurance cost to laborers. This is one such examples of what happened over the last decade. This action by the state owned Corporation (SOE) and the Chinese government’s lazy involvement to this matter was severely condemned by people throughout the world. Even then they followed the same practice. The investors faced lots of problems with the response of Chinese officials in their own country. They were waiting for an opportunity to get out of the country. An opportunity has strike them in the form of PBoC. The investors utilized this opportunity to get their money back home. But after a decade, as the investment climate returned normal, the Chinese government has taken the issue seriously and issued a law for laborers and told that the defaulters would be punished severely. This step forward by Chinese government was appreciated by many investors across the world. China ready for self sufficient solar power system installation: China is all set to use solar energy as its main source of energy. Over the past 5 years, China has been investing  heavily on this project. The project will be successful and is expected to come into existence in another few months. With already many areas in China powered by solar panels, the next aim of China is to eliminate its reliance on fossil fuels. China has already started its research and development in the field of Automobiles to make itself independent form other countries. Driven by the thirst of self sufficiency, China has proved the world that a nation can be independent and it can also make other nations dependent on it for almost everything. The future is sustainable. While all the nations were investing money to improve their economy back in 2010, China invested in possibly all kinds of research projects to make sure that it becomes self sufficient. The work it has put in 2 decades ago has really paid off well today as China will very soon become the first ever c ountry which uses solar power as its major source of energy. With the investment climate getting better due to the measures taken by Chinese government and by the PBoC, many investors started turning into China. When the investment climate is good, China doesn’t need to worry about investing its surplus in infrastructural development projects. With China adapting all the new technologies to minimize its expenditure, many industries started turning their decision to start their factories in China. With everyone approaching China, it’s now the turn for China to choose the best companies to enter into its environment. The changes adapted by China recently are very aggressive and keeping in mind about the future of Chinese people. With this kind of infrastructure China has proved itself as an Asian dragon with an ability to fight any downturns. T20 Cricket world cup in China 2031 China is all ready for its inauguration t20 world cup. With over 2 decaded of existence in cricket, China has finally decided to make it for the t20 version of cricket in the international arena. Speaking about its future plans, (Chinese Cricket Association) CCA chairman told the reporters that they have been planning for the occasion. They were very positive about their scope and their future in cricket. China is the No.1 country known for its olympic champions. Everyone know that Chinese sports people were known for their commitment. They will give their heart and soul to work when they are up for a task. The team contains a mix of youngsters and experienced people who were practicing day and night to get in for their inaugural T20 world cup entry. With China being qualified for T20 world cup 2031, expectations are set high from their people. Many giants of the game were fearing about China’s presence in this world cup. The upcoming world cup will help them to build their future in the area of cricket. The Chinese coach is very confident about their team winning in the world cup. The stadiums are ready for the world cup. With more than an year left, the Chinese cricket fans were eagerly waiting for their home team to put in their good show. With a tremendous performance in the qualifiers round of T20 World cup, China is very confident in getting into the world cup. As the pitch will be very new for all the countries who are about to participate in the upcomeing year, it would be a great challenge to every one. Playing on their home ground is an advantage for China as they have been used to playing in these conditions. The world itself is very much excited with certain new entrants into the cricket. The pitch in China is behaving a bit differently. Sometimes the pitch seems to be as if like england and sometimes the pitch is very dry and very much suitable for batting. With the climatic conditions similar to most of the countries except few asian countries, this would prove to be a good contest overall.

Goethe & Vonnegut :: essays research papers

Powerful Emotion (3)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anyone who reads The Sorrows of Young Werther by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe instantly feels the emotional intensity portrayed by Werther, the protagonist. His speculations about life are indeed unique, especially in modern times when life often goes by quickly without notice. Perhaps that is one of the reasons why his immense emotion strikes a chord with readers as coming from someone crazy or dangerous. Werther’s mental state seems incredibly alive at some times while seemingly lifeless at others. This lifeless state of mind is similar to another sorrowful character in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse Five. In his story of Billy Pilgrim, a similar wonder engulfs the reader, causing us to question the cause of both his mindset and of our own. These books bring a couple of interesting questions to mind†¦ How much emotion is too much? How little is too little? These characters struggle with powerful emotion in many ways, and are therefore judged as mad. The two protagonists engage in totally different journeys, but each of them leads the reader to discover the limits of human emotion. These limits are reached by Werther and Billy, therefore leading to both characters’ demise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In simple terms, I think that Billy Pilgrim in Slaughterhouse Five demonstrates the extremity of too little emotion, in contrast with Werther in The Sorrows of Young Werther demonstrating the extremity of too much emotion. Both of these characters live their lives in suffering because of this lack/surfeit of emotion. I’d like to start my analysis off with the odd style of Kurt Vonnegut and how he portrays his main character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billy Pilgrim has mental problems. Too many to name, in fact. He has difficulty in almost every aspect of life because of these mental problems. Vonnegut has concocted an anti-war novel that blames Billy’s health (or lack thereof) on the trauma of being in a war, but poor Billy has many problems even before the war. He seems to be extremely emotionally detached from all aspects of life. Yes, he gets married and has children, but it seems to be portrayed as somewhat sarcastic and unimportant. This is the danger of being unemotional in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the strongest points proving Billy’s lack of emotion is when he is at war and essentially tries to set himself up for his enemy to shoot him (Vonnegut 29). The incident seems very ironic considering Vonnegut’s anti-war opinions, because he seems to want Billy to honor the fairness of war.

Child Support Enforcement: One Law Does Not Fit All

Single parents are becoming the norm these days and the government has stepped in to assist these custodial parents to make things fair. It takes two people to make a child so it seems only fair that two people support the child financially, right? I am a single mother. My daughter’s father, Donnie, and I were never married and weren’t together at the time of her birth. He wasn’t around to sign the birth certificate so I had to go through DFS to fill paperwork out to get support payments from him after our daughter (Nathalia) was born. When I filled out the CSE (Child Support Enforcement) paperwork the case was being handled by a caseworker in Jefferson City, MO. I gave the caseworker Donnie’s address about four months after our daughter’s birth. Nothing was done and I assumed they were having trouble getting hold of him. When Nathalia was five years old my case was moved to a caseworker in Columbia who called and got the information from me again and I received paternity paperwork within the month. The way it works is the noncustodial parent only has to pay from the time the paperwork showing paternity was sent. I had tried to contact Nathalia’s father to start visitation. He came around for one hour a week for about two months then just stopped. He paid the arrearage for support payments after facing criminal charges for non-payment of support payments, and being threatened with a year in jail if the support was not paid. I feel no sympathy. Now he is back to not making the payments. On the other hand I have a friend (Jessica, fictional name) who has a five year old daughter (Hannah, fictional name) whose father has been in and out of jail for child support non-payment. He has a relationship with Hannah and has care of her fifty percent of the time. The government wants to put him back in jail for arrearage on Hannah and two of his other children. Jessica has lost her health insurance due to not signing papers that would have him arrested. With these two cases the fathers are very different. One is an absentee father who quits jobs to avoid paying his support payments, the other a father who is very much in his child’s life and is a positive influence. Both fathers are being treated equally in the eyes of the State. But which father deserves the jail time? In an article by Jeff Minerd, â€Å"A Kinder, Gentler Look at ‘Deadbeat Dads’,† he states â€Å"In 1950, about 20% of children lived apart from their father; that figure is now approaching 50%† (8). This article was printed in 1999 so the percentage of children not living with their father has likely increased. The increase is due to many reasons. Some of the reasons may include death, divorce, and never-married couples. With the number of children who do not live with their fathers rising it only stands to reason that the number of cases the CSE (Child Support Enforcement) is handling is increasing as well. According to the Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Office of Child Support Enforcement, one of their goals is â€Å". . . to emphasize that children need to have both parents in their lives. . . † (Handbook). If this is true then why is the father who is a positive influence and is present in his child’s life having to deal with the possibility of going back to jail for past child support non-payment, but the father who wants nothing to do with his daughter and doesn’t pay his child support as ordered gets off with a slap on the wrist? Child support enforcement should look more in depth at each case before taking actions against a non-custodial father. The Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Office of Child Support Enforcement states â€Å"Although the function of the CSE program is to collect and distribute child support payments, throughout the Handbook [sic]we hope to give the message that children fare best when both parents play an active, supportive role in their lives† (1). The government claims that the actions they take against non-custodial parents are to assist in getting families to work together to make children’s lives better. But according to Jeff Minerd, â€Å"Government enforcement of child support can have the effect of separating fathers from their children† (8). Minerd also states that it is more supported to go after the â€Å"low-income† fathers because it gets the mothers off of State welfare monies. With â€Å"middle-class† mothers it isn’t so supported to go after the fathers because it doesn’t help the State with the amount of money being paid out because they aren’t on welfare (8). So is their mission to help keep families connected or is it to get the money back that they are giving to the low-income families? The first reason CSE should handle these cases case by case is that if actions are taken that cause the father to be resentful it could harm the relationship between the parents and the child. Actions taken by the state can come between the custodial mother and the non-custodial parent. As Cindy Elmore states in her article â€Å"On and On, Over and Over: The Gender War in Child Support Enforcement Court,† â€Å"We’re all crowded together waiting for the courtroom doors to be unlocked, but the women don’t talk to the men, and the men ignore the women† (397). The line of communication between the parents is destroyed by feelings of resentment and arguments that arise from court dates and state demands. Arguments between the parents also harm the child. Even if the parents do not argue in front of the child, the child will still feel the tension and know something is wrong. Feelings of resentment toward being forced to do something may also disturb the relationship between father and child. If the father is arguing about how much to pay and how often with the mother it may cause the father to stop coming around the child. In my situation Nathalia’s dad, Donnie, got upset about the amount and when I couldn’t change it he just cut all contact. The way his support amount was determined was a paper was filled out on the amount of money it took to raise Nathalia. Then the amount I made and the amount he made were taken into consideration. Since I made more my percentage of responsibility was larger. Then they take the percentage left to raise her after subtracting mine and he is responsible for that. So there was nothing I could do to request they lower the payments. We had many arguments relating to this. Another was that he was afraid the State would go after property that he owned. According to the Handbook on Child Support Enforcement liens can be placed on property the non-custodial parent owns in the county (26) and can also take State and Federal Income Tax refunds to pay back child support (29). So it could happen but not if he pays his support payments on a regular basis. When I kept refusing to ask if his payments could be lowered he stopped calling Nathalia and stopped coming to visit her. Second, if a father is active in a child’s life and is a positive influence leniency should be given. Pushing a father to make payments higher than he can make then sending him to jail until it is paid, when he is active in the child’s life, will only harm the child. In â€Å"Child Support Enforcement and Father Involvement for Children in Never-Married Mother. Families† Chien-Chung Huang states, â€Å"Although there are no studies on changes in father-child contact for children in never-married mother families over time, studies find that about one-third of children saw their fathers at least once a month but another third of children had no contact at all with their fathers† (99). If there are such big chunks of the population receiving child support that have similar situations with the non-custodial parent, shouldn’t the different types have different ways of handling the cases? A father that is helping his child with homework every other week shouldn’t be held to the same treatment as a father who has no contact with his child by his own choice. Speaking from experience, I know that if I my daughter’s father was involved in my daughter’s life in a positive way and they had a healthy relationship I would not mind so much if there was a payment missed here or there. A child’s life can be so much fuller with positive influences from both the mother and the father figures in their lives. Third, if the system states that they are trying to get fathers more active in the child’s life through child support enforcement then if they don’t see what is going on before ordering something to be done, they won’t succeed. Jeff Minerd does not think that child support should not be enforced, â€Å"However, the harsh treatment of low-income fathers may make them hostile and resentful of the mothers, children, and government authority† (8). If a low-income father is ordered to pay what the CSE considers to be fair what happens if the father isn’t even making enough to make the payments? Is he to be held to the same standards as a father that keeps quitting his job to avoid making his payments? What if the father gets remarried? According to Hans and Coleman in the article â€Å"The Experiences of Remarried Stepfathers Who Pay Child Support,† â€Å"Remarriage magnified feelings of disempowerment and introduced additional complexities to existing child support arrangements† (613). When fathers remarry it adds more financial responsibility, especially if they have more kids in the new marriage or if there are stepchildren in the marriage. When the Child Support Enforcement Agency takes harsh actions against non-custodial parents it starts a chain of events that can destroy the relationship between the parents. The resentment the father feels for being forced to comply with what the state orders can cause a rift between the father and the custodial mother. In cases like mine it may have caused a rift so large that my daughter may never see her father again. She doesn’t understand why her father doesn’t come and see her any more. A couple of months ago she made up a reason of her own, it was because he was sick. Just last week a new reason came up. She told me he died and that is why he doesn’t come over anymore. I don’t know where she got this but I do know that it is her way of dealing with her feelings. I don’t know what to tell her when she says this. If I tell her that he is alive what reason do I give her when she then asks why he doesn’t see her anymore? Perhaps if the enforcement of the child support was handled differently she would still have a father that was active in her life.